Investigation of the Effectiveness of Surfactants with Different Partition Coefficients to Entrain Air in Cement Paste
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper outlines a modified version of ASTM C311/C311M-13 that was applied in the investigation of the effectiveness of different surfactants as air entraining agents (AEAs) in portland cement paste. First, the architecture of surfactant molecules was investigated with respect to their effectiveness as air entraining agents. The work was then generalized to the use of the partition coefficient (log P), a single numerical descriptor of the ratio of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the molecule, to predict the ability to entrain air in concrete. This prediction model showed agreement for all of the surfactants investigated. Ranges of log P are given for satisfactory performance as well as the values that provide the highest volume of air per dosage of surfactant. These findings can help research aimed at admixture development, allow admixture investigation in different cementitious systems, and can provide insights into admixture interactions.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it