Parental interference in sibling aggression in birds: What should we look for?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In many avian species, older nestlings within a brood may decrease the fitness of younger siblings by aggression or competition. While such a situation suggests a potential parent-offpring conflict, it is often assumed that parents condone sibling aggression because there are few reports of adult birds intervening in fights between their young. However, parent bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) interfered in 9% of bouts of sibling aggression using a variety of tactics not previously reported for birds. A review of the literature revealed additional behaviours that may be used to mitigate sibling aggression. We propose that parents may use “general remedial𠇍 behaviours as a long-term strategy to ensure adequate resources to disadvantaged offspring, and “acute responses” involving physical contact, distraction, or deception, to halt particular aggressive acts.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".