Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selective mutism stemming from social anxiety is not rare in childhood and can also occur, though less frequently, in adulthood. Mutism can be one component of a catatonic syndrome but it can also occur, as reviewed in this paper, as a symptom in non-catatonic schizophrenic illness. Reviewing mutism in non-catatonic schizophrenia in the Google Scholar database (1995–2015), a large majority of reports originate in the Indian subcontinent, which raises the question of what this symptom might mean from a perspective of culture, ethnicity and religion. Silence is valued in many cultures and is an integral part of many religious rites but appears to have special spiritual value in India, which may explain the prevalence in that country of long-term mutism in the context of schizophrenia. Mutism manifesting in other diagnostic categories may also be prevalent in India, but perhaps less likely to come to psychiatric attention. A case history of prolonged non-catatonic mutism in an Orthodox Jewish woman with schizophrenia is included, an exception that perhaps proves the rule because silence is also of great spiritual significance in Orthodox Judaism. The psychological uses of silence and the value one’s culture places on silence appear to determine the symptom of mutism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".