The ages of consent: gay activism and the sexuality of minors in France and Quebec (1970-1980)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper analyzes the way in which gay activist movements of the 1970s initiated a politicization of the issue of sexual consent, in advance of a series of reforms in the 1980s. In the early 1970s, these movements faced similar challenges in France and Quebec : the age of consent, having been set higher for homosexuals, raised the question of under-age sexual freedom. In both cases, the history of gay movements follows a parallel trajectory. Arising in connection with revolutionary political movements, gay movements of the mid-1970s focused on more targeted claims related, in particular, to legal discrimination against homosexuals regarding the age of consent. In the 1980s, the resulting laws redefined, almost simultaneously, both rape and the age of consent. They indicate that a similar process was under way in both France and Canada : while the age of consent was altered, its principle was reaffirmed, as a bulwark against a new figure now regarded as dangerous, the paedophile.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".