Cross-National Comparisons of Family Policies: The Relevance of National Approaches to Social Welfare
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Taking the position that the structure of family policies plays a large role in shaping the lives of families, this paper argues that comparative research should place even greater emphasis on approaching family policies as being components of a larger welfare state. In this way, cross-national comparisons of family policies and their impacts on the lives of families can take fuller advantage of well-established research on the factors that give rise to particular overall national policy approaches. In order to facilitate this, this paper contextualizes family policies within a welfare state regimes framework by analyzing characteristics of family policies using the method established by welfare state regimes theorists. In doing so, this analysis also focuses on the extent to which family policies reinforce various forms of class stratification, where most current analyses have seen family policies primarily as impacting on gender stratification. It is argued that this will be helpful in working toward an understanding of welfare state regime histories and characteristics as underlying key differences between national approaches to the welfare of families.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".