Hardware implementation of a hybrid protection scheme for bipolar HVDC line
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Implementation of a hybrid protection scheme for bipolar HVDC line with field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is described in this paper. The protection scheme amalgamates a traveling wave protection unit, a boundary protection unit and a lightning unit. Stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and its wavelet modulus maxima are used to remove noise and represent useful traveling wave signal. Boundary protection based on SWT is used jointly with traveling wave protection to distinguish internal faults from external faults. Lightning unit is used to distinguish non-fault transients and to identify the faulty pole. Xilinx XtremeDSP Development Kit-4 is employed for prototyping the relay, with coding done using Xilinx System Generator and AccelDSP.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it