A dense cluster of D<sub>1</sub>+ cells in the mouse nucleus accumbens
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The striatum is known to be largely composed of intermingled medium‐sized projection neurons expressing either the D 1 or the D 2 dopamine receptors. In the present study, we took advantage of the double BAC Drd1a‐TdTomato/Drd2‐GFP (D 1 /D 2 ) transgenic mice to reveal the presence of a peculiar cluster of densely‐packed D 1 + cells located in the shell compartment of the nucleus accumbens. This spherical cluster has a diameter of 110 µm and is exclusively composed by D 1 + cells, which are all immunoreactive for the neuronal nuclear marker (NeuN). However, in contrast to other D 1 + or D 2 + striatal cells, those that form the accumbens cluster are devoid of calbindin (CB) and DARPP‐32, two faithful markers for striatal projection neurons. Using GAD‐GFP transgenic mice, we confirm the GABAergic nature of the D 1 + clustered neurons. Intracellular injections from fixed brain slices indicate that these neurons are endowed with distinctive morphological features, including a small (5–6 µm), round cell body giving rise to a single primary dendrite that branches into two secondary processes. Single‐neuronal injections combined to electron microscopy reveal the existence of GAP junctions linking these D 1 + cells. Based on their location, morphological characteristics and neurochemical phenotype, we conclude that the D 1 + accumbens cluster form a highly compact group of small neurons distinct from the larger and more diffusely distributed D 1 + or D 2 + striatal projection neurons that surround it. This remarkable nucleus might play a crucial role in the limbic function of the murine striatum.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".