Improved 60GHz loaded-line phase shifter using tunable inductor
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this paper we propose a modified varactor loaded π-cell phase shifter to increase the phase shift range per cell and to minimize the input/output return losses over a large frequency band. A tunable transformer-based inductor is employed instead of the fixed inductor in conventional π-cell to keep the characteristic impedance of the line independent of the phase shift. In the proposed transformer based tunable inductor secondary terminals of the transformer are connected to a varactor to produce a variable inductor at the input of the transformer. To verify the operation principle, a 60GHz transformer in 65nm CMOS technology is EM simulated in HFSS and results have been imported into the circuit simulator for the overall characterization of the system with a varactor. A large phase shift of 48 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> , average insertion loss of 3.5dB and input/output return loss of 10dB is achieved in the 60 GHz band.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".