A comparative SEM study of ossicles in the Pleuronectiformes (Teleostei) of the Baltic Sea; pp. 495–517
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The morphologies of ossicles of the European plaice Pleuronectes platessa Linnaeus, the European flounder Platichthys flesus trachurus (Linnaeus) (Pleuronectidae), and the turbot Scophthalmus maximus (Linnaeus) (Scophthalmidae) are described and compared. The examined material of these flatfishes (Pleuronectiformes) originates from Estonian waters, the eastern Baltic Sea. The cycloid and ctenoid scales, tubercles, lateral line scales and segments, and swivel-joint platelets noticeably differ among the three studied species. Because of characteristics of ctenii and development of the ctenial pattern, the scales of the flounder have been separated into a new subtype, the overgrowing ctenoid scales belonging to a general type of ctenoid scales. Two different appearances of tubercles, ctenoid and circuloid, are described for the flounder and turbot, respectively. Although the ossicles of the European plaice and European flounder differ in many details, they are not as highly modified as are the circuloid tubercles of the turbot. In the European plaice, a strong difference also occurs between the scales of males and females. In the European flounder and turbot, nodular ultrasculpture on the external surface of ossicles and structure formed by Mandl’s corpuscles on their internal surface, known to be caused by mineralization processes, are imaged under scanning electron microscope and also described.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".