Moderate-dose Regular Lifelong Alcohol Intake Changes the Intestinal Flora, Protects against Aging, and Keeps Spatial Memory in the Senescence-accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Model
Bibliographic record
Abstract
PURPOSE: Heavy and long-term alcohol consumption increase the risk of alcohol-related diseases. Epidemiological studies show moderate drinking reduces the risk of mortality, cardiovascular diseases, and brain infarction in the J-shaped or U-shaped curve effect. However, why moderate drinkers may be healthy and non-drinkers may be ill in diverse populations remains controversial. Herein, we examined the relationship between moderate/lifelong alcohol intake and aging, especially aging-related cognitive functions in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) model. Methods: SAMP8 model (5-week-old, male, n = 36), a model of age-related cognitive deficit, were group-housed (n = 6/cage) and provided free access to water (water group, n = 18) or 1% ethanol (EtOH group, n = 18, intake started when mice were 9 weeks old). The object recognition test (ORT) and object location test (OLT) were used to evaluate cognitive functions. The intestinal flora at the age of 87 weeks was analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). RESULTS: The lifespan of the EtOH-group mice was about 4 weeks longer than that of the water-group mice. In the EtOH group, spatial recognition impairment, assessed by OLT, was observed later (age, 73 weeks) than that in the water group (age, 52 weeks). The spinal curvature and skin conditions progressed significantly slower in the EtOH group than in the water group. Moreover, diarrhea symptoms only appeared in the water group, at the age of 82 weeks. The T-RFLP analysis of the intestinal flora indicated higher Lactobacillales order and lower Clostridium cluster XI in the EtOH group than in the water group, although those were extremely high in some mice close to death in both groups. Water-group mice with diarrhea presented significantly higher Clostridium cluster XI than did those without diarrhea (P = 0.017). CONCLUSION: Moderate alcohol intake changes intestinal flora and positively affects aging of SAMP8 model.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".