INSECTOS ESCAMA (HEMIPTERA: COCCOMORPHA) EN PLANTAS ORNAMENTALES EN VIVEROS DE LA ZONA CENTRO DEL ESTADO DE MORELOS, MÉXICO
Bibliographic record
Abstract
espanolEl estado de Morelos es el principal productor de plantas ornamentales destinadas a la comercializacion en Mexico. Muchas de ellas presentan problemas fitosanitarios que no siempre estan determinados; entre estos se encuentran los insectos conocidos comunmente como escamas, escamas armadas, escamas suaves o piojos harinosos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los insectos del infraorden Coccomorpha y sus plantas hospedantes en siete viveros del estado de Morelos. Durante 2006 se revisaron las diferentes partes de las plantas ornamentales, excepto la raiz. Los insectos fueron recolectados y conservados en alcohol 70%, para despues realizar preparaciones permanentes en balsamo de Canada y observacion microscopica. Para su determinacion se utilizaron claves especializadas y se compararon con ejemplares de otras colecciones. Se registraron 18 especies de escamas correspondientes a las familias Coccidae (6 especies), Diaspididae (5), Eriococcidae (1), Ortheziidae (1) y Pseudococcidae (4) en 16 familias hospedantes de 31 plantas. Saissetia oleae (Oliver) se presento con mayor frecuencia en los viveros. En el vivero Yautepec se obtuvo el mayor numero de hospedantes. Se registran por primera vez en el estado de Morelos: Antonina pretiosa Ferris, Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), Coccus viridis (Green), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche), Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Insignorthezia insignis (Browne), Mycetaspis sphaerioides (Cockerell), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi), Planococcus citri (Risso) y Rhizococcus coccineus (Cockerell); asimismo, Antonina pretiosa y Palmicultor lumpurensis son nuevos registros para Mexico. Ninguna de las escamas mostro ser problema para los viveristas. EnglishThe State of Morelos is the main producer of commercialized ornamental plant in Mexico. Many of them present phytosanitary problems that have not been clearly determined, among which are some insect pests known as armored scale insects, scales, soft scales or mealybugs. The objective of this study was to identify the insects belonging to the Coccomorpha infraorder and their host plants, in seven commercial greenhouses of the Morelos state. The different parts of ornamental plants, except roots, were examined during 2006. All the insects found were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol, to be later mounted in Canada Balsam for microscopic observation. For species determination, taxonomic keys were used and compared with specimens different collections. Eighteen scale insect species were recorded, distributed in the Coccidae (6 species), Diaspididae (5), Eriococcidae (1), Orhteziidae (1), and Pseudococcidae (4) families in 31 host plant species belonging to 16 families. Saissetia oleae (Oliver) was the most common species found at all greenhouses. A greenhouse at Yautepec had the largest number of plant species affected. The species Antonina pretiosa Ferris, Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), Coccus viridis (Green), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche), Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Insignorthezia insignis (Browne), Mycetaspis sphaerioides (Cockerell), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi), Planococcus citri (Risso) and Rhizococcus coccineus (Cockerell) represent new records for Morelos. Antonina pretiosa and Palmicultor lumpurensis are new records for Mexico. None of the scale insects found represents a serious threat for local producers. portuguesO estado de Morelos e o principal produtor de plantas ornamentais destinadas a comercializacao no Mexico. Muitas delas apresentam problemas fitosanitarios que nao sempre estao determinados; entre eles sao encontrados os insetos conhecidos comumente como escamas, escamas armadas, escamas suaves ou piolhos farinhosos. O objetivo de este estudo foi identificar os insetos da infraordem Coccomorpha e suas plantas hospedantes em sete viveiros do estado de Morelos. Durante 2006 foram revisadas as diferentes partes das plantas ornamentais, exceto a raiz. Os insetos foram coletados e conservados em alcool 70%, para posteriormente realizar preparacoes permanentes em balsamo do Canada e observacao microscopica. Para sua determinacao se utilizaram chaves especializadas e foram comparadas com exemplares de outras colecoes. Registraram-se 18 especies de escamas correspondentes as familias Coccidae (6 especies), Diaspididae (5), Eriococcidae (1), Ortheziidae (1) e Pseudococcidae (4) em 16 familias hospedantes de 31 plantas. Saissetia oleae oleae (Oliver) se apresentou com maior frequencia nos viveiros. No viveiro Yautepec se obteve o maior numero de hospedantes. Registram-se por primeira vez no estado de Morelos: Antonina pretiosa Ferris, Aonidiella orientalis (Newstead), Coccus viridis (Green), Diaspis echinocacti (Bouche), Hemiberlesia cyanophylli (Signoret), Insignorthezia insignis (Browne), Mycetaspis sphaerioides (Cockerell), Nipaecoccus nipae (Maskell), Palmicultor lumpurensis (Takahashi), Planococcus citri (Risso) e Rhizococcus coccineus (Cockerell); igualmente, Antonina pretiosa e Palmicultor lumpurensis sao novos registros para o Mexico. Nenhuma das escamas mostrou ser problema para os administradores de viveiros.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".