Psychophysiological responses to an executive task in refugees with chronic PTSD and comorbid depression
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the changes in physiological responses in immigrants/refugees with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and comorbid depression when exposed to an executive task. Method: Twenty-two individuals with PTSD following war exposure from their country of origin and 23 control subjects with similar experiences but without psychiatric diagnosis were recruited for this study. Participants were tested with the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) as part of an extensive neuropsychological test battery. Cardiovascular activity and skin conductance were measured to the performance on the WCST. Results: Executive impairments were related to increase in PTSD-symptoms. Low level of skin conductance was related to executive problems, but analyses of the relations between subjective, cognitive, and physiological measurements were inconclusive. Conclusion: The results show that executive impairments in PTSD are related to chronic PTSD, to elevated post-traumatic symptoms, and to depression after trauma exposure. Our findings do not however, show much cross-system reactivity across the different psychophysical measures. The results contradict with the hypotheses of multi system stress response and generalized arousal which imply a strong correlation across the subjective, cognitive, and autonomic systems in PTSD.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".