Impact of acute kidney injury following liver transplantation on long‐term outcomes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LTx) ranges from 17% to 94%. AKI is associated with prolonged hospitalization and increased early mortality. In our cohort study, we examined the impact of AKI on long-term patient survival and on the incidence of stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS: We studied 491 LTx recipients at a single center between 1990 and 2012. We identified 278 pts (56.6%) with AKI defined as either an increase in serum creatinine (SCr) ≥26.5 μmol/L within 48 hour or elevation in SCr 1.5× baseline within 7 days (KDIGO criteria). RESULTS: In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model, survival was worse in patients with AKI (HR: 1.41, 95% CI 1.03-1.92). Severe (stage 3) AKI was associated with worse patient survival (HR: 2.29, 95% CI 1.46-3.58). The risk of developing stage 4-5 CKD was also higher in patients with AKI (17.5% vs 9.1%) with a HR of 2.39 (95% CI 1.27-4.47). Delaying initiation of calcineurin inhibitors >48H was not associated with a decreased risk of CKD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that AKI after LTx is associated with poor long-term outcomes, including worse survival and higher incidence of CKD stage 4-5. Strategies to prevent and manage LTx patients with AKI need to be developed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".