Widespread physical mixing of starry ray from differentiated populations and life histories in the North Atlantic
Bibliographic record
Abstract
MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 562:123-134 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11958 Widespread physical mixing of starry ray from differentiated populations and life histories in the North Atlantic A. Lynghammar1,*, K. Præbel2, S. Bhat2, S.-E. Fevolden1, J. S. Christiansen1 1Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway 2Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway *Corresponding author: arve.lynghammar@uit.no ABSTRACT: The starry ray Amblyraja radiata (Donovan, 1808) is widely distributed in the North Atlantic Ocean. Although considered a single species, there is large variation in size-at-maturity in the NW Atlantic, and Red List status ranges from 'Least Concern' in the NE Atlantic via 'Vulnerable' in Canadian waters to 'Critically Endangered' in US waters. Previous studies have documented regional morphological, morphometric, and ecological differences, without giving any conclusive evidence on reproductive isolation. Here, we use 10 microsatellite loci and 656 specimens originating from waters off northern Canada, eastern and western Greenland, Svalbard, the Barents Sea, the Norwegian Sea, and the North Sea, to (1) elucidate the population genetic structure of A. radiata, and (2) clarify whether differences in life history within the NW Atlantic is correlated to genetic structuring. The results suggested that A. radiata within the North Atlantic may be divided into 3 major clusters that coincide with the geographical regions NW Atlantic, Greenland and NE Atlantic. However, large physical mixing of individuals from different populations and with differentiated life histories throughout the North Atlantic suggested that glacial periods and biological features have shaped the contemporary distribution and genetic signatures of A. radiata. The differentiated life histories within the NW Atlantic specimens cannot be attributed to a genetic component, based on the present data. KEY WORDS: Thorny skate · Rajidae · Cryptic · Phenotypic plasticity Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Lynghammar A, Præbel K, Bhat S, Fevolden SE, Christiansen JS (2016) Widespread physical mixing of starry ray from differentiated populations and life histories in the North Atlantic. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 562:123-134. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11958 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 562. Online publication date: December 29, 2016 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".