THE KURSK PROVINCE MEANS OF COMMUNICATION IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF XIX CENTURY
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Means of communications are extremely important for social and economic development of the region, they influence on a condition of trade and all economy in general. The road network has the special importance in public administration and ensuring defence capability. On the basis of the sources introduced for scientific use for the first time it is tried to open a level of development of overland and water communications in the territory of the Kursk province at the beginning of XIX century and to show their evolution throughout the first quarter of XIX century. The number of the main and post roads to provinces is shown, the detailed attention is paid to questions of legislative regulation and financial security of repair of bridges and roads. This process is connected with transition in repairing of means of communication from orders of Paul I to Alexander I which were based on synthesis of former foundations (Statute of 1754 and innovations of Paul I with prevalence of the first). At the same time quality of roads sought to improve the government at the expense of command and administrative methods. The active phase of innovations in the “road” legislation regarding repair and contents of overland messages proceeded till 1810, transferring service of provincial roads and bridges to a new round of development. After the termination of an active phase of reforms, there was a transition to a stage of their realization and using them in the regions proceeding till the end of the studied period. The irreplaceable role of land surveyors in the course of repair of roads is noted, the attention to the difficulties connected with absence of experts is paid. Attempts of introduction of new technologies do not remain away from research too. The attempts of functioning of the waterways throughout the first quarter of XIX century which, unfortunately, were not crowned with success are described. Thus, research reflects various aspects of functioning of the means of communications in the territory of the Kursk province which value will promote successful search of the solution of modern problems of construction and operation of a regional road network.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".