Neurological Manifestations and Electrophysiological Studies in Acute Toxicity of Laughing Gas (P3.374)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To understand the acute toxicity of laughing gas and prompt public awareness to its adverse effects on the human nervous system. Background: Laughing gas (nitrous oxide), readily available in the form of propellant in food processing, is a popular recreational inhalant, and is subject to abuse. General practitioners, however, are typically inattentive of its potential toxic effects on the nervous system. Case Report: A 22-year-old woman developed ascending numbness to bilateral elbows and groins the next morning after a party. She could not walk gradually and came to the hospital on day 4. She reported having inhaled 7 to 8 balloons of laughing gas at two parties one and four days before the onset of illness. On examination, perception of pain was decreased below both elbows and groins. Joint sensation was absent in hands and feet. Deep tendon reflexes were decreased. Romberg test was positive and gait was ataxic. On day 5, the serum level of vitamin B12 was 374 pg/ml (ref, 211 to 946) and homocysteine 33.4 mol/l (ref, 3.7 to 17.2). On day 6, nerve conduction studies suggested demyelinating polyneuropathy; SSEP revealed prolonged latencies in cervical, and absence in cortical, responses. MRI study on day 10 showed increased T2 signal in the cervical cord from level 2 to level 6. Hydroxocobalamin one mg i.m. daily was given from day 5 and symptoms gradually receded around day 13. Discussion: Myeloneuropathy can occur as early as four days after exposure of nitrous oxide; derangement of vitamin B12 metabolism is pathognomonic and symptoms often reverse with vitamin B12 treatment. Neurological intoxication by nitrous oxide should be kept in mind especially in regions where laughing gas is a popular recreational inhalant. Furthermore, accurate identification of the cause, nitrous oxide, can avoid misdiagnoses such as AIDP or multiple sclerosis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".