Incidence and Associated Risk Factors of Traumatic Brain Injury in a Cohort of Homeless and Vulnerably Housed Adults in 3 Canadian Cities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine the factors associated with incident traumatic brain injury (TBI) among homeless and vulnerably housed persons over a 3-year follow-up period. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: Data were obtained from the Health and Housing in Transition study, which tracked the health and housing status of 1190 homeless or vulnerably housed individuals in 3 Canadian cities for 3 years. DESIGN AND MAIN MEASURES: Main measure was self-reported incident TBI during the follow-up period. Factors associated with TBI were ascertained using mixed-effects logistic regression. RESULTS: During first, second, and third years of follow-up, 187 (19.4%), 166 (17.1%), and 172 (17.9%) participants reported a minimum of 1 incident TBI, respectively. Among 825 participants with available data for all 3 years of follow-up, 307 (37.2%) reported at least 1 incident TBI during the 3-year follow-up period. Lifetime prevalence of TBI, endorsing a history of mental health diagnoses at baseline, problematic alcohol and drug use, younger age, poorer mental health, and residential instability were associated with increased risk of incident TBI during follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Mental health support and addressing residential instability and problematic substance use may reduce further risk of TBI and its associated poor health and social outcomes in this population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".