1466 The effects of supplementing a ruminally protected B-vitamin complex on preweaning growth and performance of Holstein heifer calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
For preweaned dairy calves, incomplete rumen development may limit microbial B vitamin synthesis, resulting in a mild B-vitamin deficiency. Seventy Holstein heifer calves were used to evaluate the effect of providing a B-vitamin supplement in the starter on DMI, growth, and blood parameters. Calves were individually housed and fed in 1 of 3 rooms (block) until weaning at 9 wk of age. Dietary treatments were 13 g/d commercially available palmitic acid (CON; n = 35) or ruminally protected B vitamins (ProB; n = 35), in which 5 g of a B-vitamin supplement was blended with 8 g of palmitic acid. Treatments began at 1 wk of age. The 13 g of supplement was mixed with 50 g of calf starter and fed once per day. Once the calves consumed the supplement, they were offered calf starter ad libitum. Heifers were also fed 600 g of milk replacer (150 g/L water) divided into 2 feedings. After 7 wk, milk replacer was reduced to 300 g/d and calves were weaned at the end of wk 9. Calf BW and hip and rump height were measured on a weekly basis. Blood samples were collected on d 2 and 63 and analyzed for total protein concentration and platelet, white blood cell (WBC), and red blood cell (RBC) counts. Data were analyzed as a completely randomized block design with the mixed model using fixed effects of block, treatment, time, and their interaction. Regression was used to calculate growth traits. Calf ADG was 0.71 kg/d for both treatments (SEM = 0.017, P = 0.84). Hip and wither heights and ADG did not differ (P ≥ 0.77) between treatments. There were no treatment differences (P = 0.94) for supplement intake or total DMI (CON = 933.8 kg/d and ProB = 967.2 kg/d; SEM = 40.5, P = 0.56). Final blood platelet count was 484.3 × 109/L for CON and 551.5 × 109/L for ProB (SEM = 22.5) and was greater in ProB than in CON (P = 0.035); however, final WBC and RBC did not differ (P ≥ 0.23). These data indicate that supplemental ruminally protected B vitamins do not affect preweaning calf growth. However, supplementation may have implications on immune function, which may have implications for overall calf health.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".