Dynamic Piezoelectric Behavior of Lithium Niobate at High Temperature
Bibliographic record
Abstract
High temperature piezoelectric materials have numerous potential applications, including high temperature ultrasound NDT, MEMS, sensors, or actuators. However, conventional piezoelectric materials are unsuitable for operation above 400°C. Lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) is a promising candidate because of its very high Curie temperature (approximately 1210°C) and reasonable piezoelectric coefficients. However, the piezoelectric properties are not sufficiently understood, partly due to the difficulties in characterizing this behavior at high temperature. Degradation mechanisms well below the Curie temperature, suspected to include phase transformations, oxygen loss, and excessive ionic conductivity, further deteriorate this property. In order to better understand these physical mechanisms, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is used to characterize monocrystalline LiNbO 3 from room temperature to 500°C, with excitations from 20 Hz to 20 MHz. An equivalent circuit model analysis, including resonant frequencies, is developed to investigate the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric behavior, as well as the mechanical elasticity and damping. Numerical values extracted from this analysis allows for numerical simulations to model device behavior.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".