Biocompatible Polyion Complex Micelles Synthesized from Arborescent Polymers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Water-dispersible polyion complex (PIC) micelles were prepared by the self-assembly of an arborescent polystyrene- graft -poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer (denoted G0PS- g -P2VP or G1) serving as core and a poly(acrylic acid)- block -poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PAA- b -PHEA) double-hydrophilic block copolymer (DHBC) forming a shell. Varying the density of hydrophilic polymer chains in the stabilizing layer provided control over the size and structure of the entities obtained, from large flocculated species to stable isolated PIC micelles with diameters ranging from 42 to 67 nm. The hydrodynamic radius (determined from dynamic light scattering measurements), and the weight-average molar mass ( M̅ w ) and radius of gyration of the scatterers (extracted from static multiangle light scattering data) evidenced the formation of either isolated or aggregated PIC micelles depending on the self-assembly conditions used (pH, concentration and mixing molar ratio f ). Changes in the morphology of the arborescent copolymer after complexation were observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. In particular, by varying the force applied with the AFM tip on the samples, the core–shell structure of the PIC micelles was clearly evidenced. The PIC micelles displayed no significant cytotoxicity toward mouse fibroblast L929 cells, a standard cell line recommended for toxicity assays, due to the good biocompatibility of the hydrophilic PAA- b -PHEA shell. In spite of a negative residual zeta potential due to an excess of negative charges, fluorescently labeled PIC* micelles were successfully internalized by L929 cells, as confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".