THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF AMBIENT TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE ON MENTAL ILLNESS RELATED EMERGENCY ROOM VISITS IN THE CITY OF TORONTO.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives:The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of extreme ambient temperature on hospital emergency room (ER) visits related to mental and behavior disorders in Toronto, Canada.Methods: A time series study was conducted using health and climatic data from April 1st 2002 to March 31st 2010.Relative risks for increases in ER visits were estimated for specific mental and behavior disorders (MBD) after exposure to hot and cold temperatures while using 50th percentile of the mean temperature distribution as the reference.The non-linear nature of the exposure-outcome relationship was accounted for using a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM).The effects of seasonality, humidity, day of the week and outdoor air pollutants (CO 2 , O 3 , PM 2.5 , NO2, and SO 2 ) were also adjusted. Results:We observed positive associations between elevated mean temperatures and hospital ER visits for MBD.For hot temperatures, significant increases in ER visits for MBD were observed after a mean temperature threshold of about 24C.The association generally lasted about 3 to 4 lag days with the strongest effect occuring at lag 0 (RR = 1.06; 95% CI: 1.03 -1.09).Similar trends and associations were observed for specific mental illnesses such as mood, neurotic, substance abuse, and schizophrenia related disorders.Cold temperature associations were only observed for schizophrenia. Conclusions:Our findings suggest that extreme temperature poses a risk to the health and wellbeing for individuals with mental and behavior disorders.Patient management and education may need to be improved as extreme temperatures become more prevalent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".