0462 Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii improves acute phase response and phagocytosis during weaning in dairy calves
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of direct fed microbials (DFM) as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters in farm animal production continues to stimulate research and commercial interest. During the early period of life, inadequate immune development and weaning stress contributes to increase susceptibility to infectious diseases in calves. Currently, it is less clear how DFM elicit acute phase immune response in calves. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus acidophilus on acute phase response and phagocytosis during the early period of calf growth. Forty eight Holstein calves (2–7 d old) were grouped according to body weight and circulating IgG and randomly assigned to four treatments as follows; Control (CTRL)-fed milk replacer with starter diet introduced gradually in the third week of the experiment; CTRL supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii CNCM I-1079 (7.5x109 cfu/L milk replacer + 3x109 cfu/kg feed) (SCB); CTRL supplemented with Lactobacillus acidophilus BT1386 (2.5x108 cfu/L milk replacer + 1x109cfu/kg feed) (LA); and CTRL supplemented with tetracycline (528 mg/L milk) and neomycin (357 mg/L milk) before weaning and chlortetracyclin (55 mg/kg) after weaning (ATB). After weaning calves received hay in addition to starter diet and their respective treatments. Serum samples on experiment d 29 and 43 (pre-weaning), 46, 49, 51, and 54 (weaning) and 58 and 65 (post-weaning) were used for measurements of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin. Likewise, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) were isolated from plasma on d 15 and 43 (pre-weaning), 47 and 54 (weaning), 59, 66, and 87 (post-weaning), stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and phagocytosis beads pH rhodo Green E. coli bio particles. Phagocytosis was then measured using flow cytometry. The effects of treatments were analyzed using a complete randomized block design with repeated measures and PROC MIXED of SAS with Tukey adjustments for multiple comparisons. Serum concentrations of C-reactive protein and haptoglobin in SCB-treated calves increased during weaning (d 54; P < 0.05) when compared with CTRL, LA and ATB-treated calves. Concentrations of C-reactive protein tended to increase on d 65 (post weaning; P < 0.10) with SCB compared with CTRL or ATB. The PMN from calves on SCB increased (P < 0.05) phagocytosis during weaning (d 47) as compared with CTRL. Data show that SCB has immunomodulatory effects in calves and a possible role in enhancing innate immune and inflammatory responses of calves during the critical stress period of weaning. Direct fed SCB might play a role in innate immunity as an early defense system against infections in calves.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".