IL-17–Producing Innate and Pathogen-Specific Tissue Resident Memory γδ T Cells Expand in the Lungs of <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>–Infected Mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract γδ T cells play a role in protective immunity to infection at mucosal surface, but also mediate pathology in certain autoimmune diseases through innate IL-17 production. Recent reports have suggested that γδ T cells can have memory analogous to conventional αβ T cells. In this study we have examined the role of γδ T cells in immunity to the respiratory pathogen Bordetella pertussis. γδ T cells, predominantly Vγ4−γ1− cells, produced IL-17 in the lungs as early as 2 h after infection. The bacterial burden during primary infection was significantly enhanced and the induction of antimicrobial peptides was reduced in the absence of early IL-17. A second peak of γδ T cells is detected in the lungs 7–14 d after challenge and these γδ T cells were pathogen specific. γδ T cells, exclusively Vγ4, from the lungs of infected but not naive mice produced IL-17 in response to heat-killed B. pertussis in the presence of APC. Furthermore, γδ T cells from the lungs of mice reinfected with B. pertussis produced significantly more IL-17 than γδ T cells from infected unprimed mice. γδ T cells with a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype (CD69+CD103+) were expanded in the lungs during infection with B. pertussis and proliferated rapidly after rechallenge of convalescent mice. Our findings demonstrate that lung γδ T cells provide an early source of innate IL-17, which promotes antimicrobial peptide production, whereas pathogen-specific Vγ4 cells function in adaptive immunological memory against B. pertussis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".