Unsaturated shear strength properties of a compacted expansive soil from Regina, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The main objective of this research was to investigate the unsaturated shear strength properties of the compacted expansive soil from Regina (Saskatchewan, Canada). Laboratory investigations on a typical expansive clay (liquid limit of 77% and plastic limit of 27%) were conducted using both saturated and unsaturated samples. Results indicated that the SWCC had one AEV of 10 kPa forwandθand two AEVs forS: 10 and 7000 kPa due to drainage through inter-clod pores and soil matrix, respectively. Most of the shrinkage occurred aroundS ≈ 80%, whereas desaturation before and after this value was associated with small changes in void ratio. Likewise, the peak stress on the dry side of optimum along with the initial gradient of the stress-displacement curve of up to 250 kPa and 13,350 kPa/mm, respectively, decreased to 170 kPa and 5670 kPa/mm on the wet side of optimum. The variation in cohesion followed the compaction curve and increased from 24 kPa on dry side to 65 kPa at optimum and then decreased to 33 kPa on wet side. The friction angle followed an L-shaped trend and decreased from 44° on dry side to 29° at optimum and to 27° on wet side. Finally, the S-shapedϕbcurve was in agreement with compaction characteristics and the SWCC. Theϕbcurve comprised 1° increase on dry side (and approaching residual suction), 12° increase around optimum (between AEV and residual suction), and 2° increase on wet side that tended to approach ϕ near saturation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".