Multiple Fluorine-Substituted Phosphate Germanium Fluorides and Their Thermal Stabilities
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anhydrous compounds are crucially important for many technological applications, such as achieving high performance in lithium/sodium cells, but are often challenging to synthesize under hydrothermal conditions. Herein we report that a modified solvo-/hydro-fluorothermal method with fluoride-rich and water-deficient condition is highly effective for synthesizing anhydrous compounds by the replacement of hydroxyl groups and water molecules with fluorine. Two anhydrous phosphate germanium fluorides, namely, Na 3 [GeF 4 (PO 4 )] and K 4 [Ge 2 F 9 (PO 4 )], with chainlike structures involving multiple fluorine substitutions, were synthesized using the modified solvo-/hydro-fluorothermal method. The crystal structure of Na 3 [GeF 4 (PO 4 )] is constructed by the common single chains ∞ 1 {[GeF 4 (PO 4 )] 3– } built from alternating GeO 2 F 4 octahedra and PO 4 tetrahedra. For K 4 [Ge 2 F 9 (PO 4 )], it takes the same single chain in Na 3 [GeF 4 (PO 4 )] as the backbone but has additional flanking GeOF 5 octahedra via an O-corner of the PO 4 groups, resulting in a dendrite zigzag single chain ∞ 1 {[Ge 2 F 9 (PO 4 )] 4– }. The multiple fluorine substitutions in these compounds not only force them to adopt the low-dimensional structures because of the “tailor effect” but also improve their thermal stabilities. The thermal behavior of Na 3 [GeF 4 (PO 4 )] was investigated by an in situ powder X-ray diffraction experiment from room temperature to 700 °C. The modified solvo-/hydro-fluorothermal method is also shown to be effective in producing the most germanium-rich compounds in the germanophosphate system.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".