Growth and characterization of deposits in the combustion chamber of a diesel engine fueled with B50 and Indonesian biodiesel fuel (IBF)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although used since 1893, biodiesel still faces problems that must be overcome before it can fully replace petroleum diesel. Existing literature shows that continuous use of biodiesel could lead to higher growth of deposits on critical engine components, contributing to lots of problems that could ultimately decrease engine performance. In this context, endurance tests were performed to compare the impacts of B50 and Indonesian biodiesel fuel (IBF: diesel fuel containing 10% palm oil biodiesel) on engine durability. More specifically, deposits growth as well as deposits structure and composition in response to the application of the above-mentioned fuel blends were investigated over 200 h. The results revealed that B50 produced relatively larger amounts of deposits especially on the valves and injector tip while also increased the risk of ring sticking. In addition, the structure and the elemental composition of the deposits formed on engine important components, i.e., injector tips, piston crown, intake/exhaust valves, cylinder head, and piston grooves when B50 was used were quite different compared with the IBF. Overall, more deposits formation was observed by increasing biodiesel inclusion rate while deposits tended to be wet and brittle as well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".