JOHN HUMPHREY'S SCHOOLDAYS: THE INFLUENCE OF SCHOOL EXPERIENCE ON THE CANADIAN WHO DRAFTED THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
John Peters Humphrey prepared the first draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and was, for decades, one of the world's premier human rights advocates and activists.One of the great strengths of the Declaration was the decision to include social/economic rights, in addition to the more traditional civil/political ones, a duality that Humphrey had created in the first draft.Humphrey's difficult early life had given him unusual insights into suffering, powerlessness and the nature of human dignity.After having one arm amputated when he was 6 and being orphaned when he was 11, he was faced with a new challenge when he was sent away to a boarding school in Rothesay, N.B., where he spent four unhappy years.This paper draws on a variety of sources, including letters and memoirs, to examine the influence of his school experience on his later life and work, especially as it affected his draft of the Declaration.RÉSUMÉ.John Peters Humphrey a rédigé la première version de la Déclaration universelle des droits de l'homme et pendant des dizaines d'années a été l'un des plus grands défenseurs et activistes des droits de l'homme dans le monde.L'une des grandes innovations de la Déclaration est la décision d'y incorporer les droits sociaux et économiques, en plus des droits civils et politiques plus traditionnels, dualité introduite par Humphrey dans cette première version.Les premières années difficiles de la vie de Humphrey lui ont donné une appréhension inhabituelle des souffrances, de l'impuissance et de la nature de la dignité humaine.Amputé d'un bras à l'âge de six ans, puis orphelin à l'âge de onze ans, Humphrey a dû faire face à un nouveau défi de taille lorsqu'on l'a envoyé en pensionnat à Rothesay (N.B.), où il a passé quatre années difficiles.Cet article s'inspire de diverses sources, notamment de lettres et mémoires, pour analyser l'impact de sa scolarité sur sa vie et sa profession ainsi que son influence sur la première version de la Déclaration.John Peters Humphrey is now recognized as one of the great human rights advocates and activists of the twentieth century.Yet Humphrey's achievements were little known until recently.The main purpose of this article is to focus closely on his early years and, in particular, to examine the influence school experience had on his later development.First, however, it is necessary to trace his adult career as an advocate for individual and collective human rights.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.025 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.056 | 0.022 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.015 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".