Clinically appropriate testing of different valved holding chamber (VHC)-facemask combinations investigating simulated delivered mass to carina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Laboratory evaluation of VHC-facemasks is ideally undertaken simulating real conditions of use. We report a study in which such devices for small child use (n=3/group) (AeroChamber Plus® Flow-Vu® Anti-Static (aAC+); PocketChamber® (POC); Vortex® (VOR); L9Espace® (ESP); SpaceChamber Plus® (SP); A2A Spacer® (A2A)) were evaluated using an anatomical face-model and upper airway for a 4 year old child. Methods: Each VHC was prepared to manufacturer instructions then evaluated by breathing simulator, mimicking a short coordination delay of 2s followed by tidal breathing (tidal volume=155mL, inspiratory:expiratory ratio=1:2, rate/min=25 cycles). The facemask was attached to the Aerosol Delivery to Anatomic Model (ADAM-III) small child face equipped with upper airway. The airway was coupled directly to the breathing simulator via a filter below its exit to capture drug particles that may penetrate as far as the carina in a real patient. 5 actuations of fluticasone propionate (44 μg FP/actuation; GSK) were delivered at 30s intervals. FP was assayed by HPLC. Results: Conclusions: Significantly more FP was delivered to the model 9carina9 from the aAC+ VHC with child mask (p < 0.001), the increased mass counterbalanced by decreased retention of medication within the VHC. It is important that clinicians are aware that large differences in delivery efficiency may exist when a facemask is present.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".