Surgical tool guidance using position tracking and graphical image displays
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a surgical tool alignment technique that uses an optical tracker and a display to increase the accuracy of linear tooling techniques in the OR. The design tracks the end of the tool, relays the spatial data to a custom software package, which, in turn, sends a display back to the surgical area. The main aspect of the design is in bringing the computer-assisted guidance display from the distant computer screen to a display directly next to the tooling area. Two display designs are presented: the first uses a digital projector to project the alignment display onto a back-projection screen. The second uses a small LCD display mounted on the end of the tool. The validity, intuitiveness and accuracy of the first design is explored through an experimental prototype. The projector display technique is compared to a manual tooling technique and to an alignment display shown on a distant computer screen. It is shown that the projector design has potential for increasing the accuracy and confidence of linear tooling in a surgical setting.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".