1649 Effect of ruminal inoculum from bison or cattle on in vitro gas production, feed digestibility, and responses to exogenous enzyme supplementation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing the proportion of inoculum from bison vs. cattle with and without feed enzyme (FE) supplementation on in vitro fermentation of barley straw (BS), alfalfa hay (AH), and wheat dried distillers grain with solubles (DG). Two batch culture runs were conducted for each substrate examined. Barley straw and AH were ground through a 1-mm screen and DG was incubated as-is. In run 1, inocula were prepared by combining rumen fluid (vol/vol) of cattle fed a diet containing 70% BS and 30% concentrate (DM basis) and bison rumen fluid (unknown diet) at ratios of 100:0, 67:33, 33:67, and 0:100, respectively. The substrates were incubated for 96 h to determine gas production (GP) kinetics with gas pressure recording at 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 h. Additionally, DM disappearance (DMD) was determined in run 2. Each run was a completely randomized design without or with FE addition at a rate of 2.0 μL/g substrate DM. The FE was a xylanase–glucanase commercial blend. Asymptotic GP (ml/g DM) of BS (254) and AH (263) was not affected, whereas that of DG responded quadratically (244, 240, 238, and 260; P < 0.04) with increasing bison inoculum. Rate of GP (%/h) also responded quadratically for BS (1.6, 1.6, 1.2, and 1.7%/h; P < 0.01) and AH (3.0, 3.0, 2.7, and 3.0%/h; P < 0.03) with increasing bison inoculum. Lag time of GP linearly (P < 0.01) decreased for BS (0.58, 0.93, 0.22, and 0.07 h), AH (0.63, 0.61, 0.29, and 0 h) and DG (0.21, 0.64, 0.11, and 0 h) with increasing bison inoculum. A quadratic (P < 0.02) response of DMD (31, 36, 35, and 34%) of BS to increasing bison inoculum was observed, whereas DMD of AH (55, 54, 51, and 51%) and DG (59, 58, 56, and 56%) linearly (P < 0.01) decreased. Addition of FE improved (P < 0.05) DMD of DG. Compared to cattle inoculum, bison inoculum did not enhance in vitro GP or DMD of the substrates examined. However, the mixture of cattle and bison rumen inocula did appear to synergistically reduce the lag time of GP and improve the DMD of BS. It suggests that the cattle rumen inoculum may lack certain enzymes that were present in the bison inoculum to digest BS, and that these enzymes were not provided by the FE examined.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".