Use of Combined Magnetic Field Treatment for Fracture Nonunion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The use of noninvasive bone growth stimulators is a nonoperative treatment option for fracture nonunions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial effectiveness of the combined magnetic field (CMF) bone growth stimulation in the treatment of fracture nonunions. Using data from a large nonunion fracture registry, we reviewed fracture-healing-outcome data and healing times for all patients treated with a CMF bone growth stimulator during a 4-yr period. Overall, 75% of the 2370 included patients achieved fracture union. Healing rates ranged from 64.0% in patients with femoral fractures to 89.7% in patients with carpal/metacarpal fractures. The weighted mean time to heal was 4.9 ± 1.0 mo. Patients treated earlier than 6 mo with CMF following injury demonstrated significantly greater healing rates and shorter mean times to heal than patients treated 6 mo or more following injury. These results indicate that CMF bone stimulation is a potentially beneficial noninvasive treatment modality for nonunions; however, high-quality comparative research is required to further evaluate the efficacy, potential prognostic factors, and contraindications for the use of this treatment modality.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".