Framing foreignness: a case study of Chinese media coverage of the NBA’s arena development in China
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Media framing was employed in this study to examine the meanings and implications of foreignness for transnational sport organizations through a case study of the National Basketball Association’s arena development project in China. The results of the analysis of China’s traditional newspaper and social media coverage revealed that news writers/social media users highlighted specific disadvantages, advantages and paradoxes of foreignness surrounding the NBA’s arena development practices through the development of frames of cultural difference (positive and negative frames), building relationships (negative frame), firm strategies and resources (positive frame) and untapped Chinese sport market (negative frame). In particular, the social media showed a different framing process from the traditional newspapers in which the positive frames of cultural difference and firm strategies and resources were more prevalent. The different framing process and frame content showed the complexities of China’s media coverage, ranging from an American consuming culture to traditional Chinese political cultural ideology represented in sport and from articulating state ideology and control to developing a rhetoric of market forces related to the issue of foreignness.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".