Frailty is common and strongly associated with dyspnoea severity in fibrotic interstitial lung disease
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background and objective Frailty is the age‐related accumulation of deficits that decrease the ability to respond to biological stress. Patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease ( ILD ) may be frail due to consequences of ILD , age, co‐morbidities and adverse effects of pharmacotherapies. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of frailty in fibrotic ILD . Methods Fibrotic ILD patients were recruited from a specialized clinic. Patients with ILD secondary to a systemic disease were excluded. Frailty was determined using the Frailty Index based on the presence or absence of multiple deficits, including co‐morbidities, symptoms and functional limitations. The Frailty Index was based on the proportion of deficits present, with frailty defined as a score >0.21. Cronbach's alpha was used to estimate the internal consistency of the Frailty Index. Dyspnoea was measured using the University of California San Diego Shortness of Breath Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis was used to determine independent predictors of frailty. Results The definition of frailty was met in 50% of the 129 patients. Cronbach's alpha for the Frailty Index was 0.87. The Frailty Index was associated with forced vital capacity ( FVC ), forced expiratory volume in 1 s ( FEV 1 ), diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide ( DL CO ), ILD ‐gender, age and physiology ( GAP ) index, composite physiologic index and dyspnoea score. Dyspnoea severity was the strongest unadjusted predictor (r = 0.65, P < 0.001) and only independent predictor of the Frailty Index (0.034 increase in Frailty Index per 10‐point increase in dyspnoea score; R 2 = 0.37; P < 0.001). Conclusion Frailty is highly prevalent and is strongly and independently associated with dyspnoea severity, demonstrating that dyspnoea is a more important determinant of frailty than pulmonary function.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it