Velhos dilemas no provimento de bens e serviços de saúde: uma comparação dos casos canadense, inglês e americano.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper systematises some aspects related to the consequences of the institutional health system in the financing and delivery of health care services. The analysis is based on empirical evidences from United States, Canada and United Kingdom. The focus of this work is on the analysis of the impacts of the incentives that result from the contracts established between health care market agents in the management efficiency of the health care services. The empirical evidence suggests that, in general, in public systems the incentives that guarantee the rationalisation of the use of health care services are not incorporated in the designed contracts. This fact allows the emerge of typical moral hazard problems that exists in the relationship between providers and financing agents and between patients and financing agents (that can be insurance companies or government). In opposition, in these systems the control of the expenditure is reached by the government budget constraint and regulatory mechanisms that guarantee some advantages to the government in the process of determination of providers reimbursement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".