Toll-Like Receptor 3 Activation Is Involved in Venous Thrombosis Development,
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Abstract 3277 Venous thromboembolism (VTE) afflicts 117 people per 100,000 each year and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Inflammation may have a role in both the genesis and resolution of venous thrombi. Although septic thrombophlebitis occurs, most DVT are sterile. Recently, the role of toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling in modulating sterile inflammation has become better defined in experimental injury models. TLR3, for example, is activated by viral long double stranded RNA and endogenous RNA released by cellular apoptosis and necrosis, and induce a proinflammatory cellular response. Short single-stranded RNA, such as those used in RNA inhibition, stimulate TLR3 in endothelial cells and inhibit neoangiogenesis. Thus, we hypothesize that TLR3 might be involved in the inflammatory development of venous thrombosis. We first investigated whether stimulation of TLR3 influences venous thrombosis in mice. Intravenous injection of polyinosine polycytidylic acid (polyI:C), a synthetic double-stranded RNA analog and TLR3 ligand, increase the size and the cellular density of thrombi after FeCl3-induced inferior vena cava injury. TLR3 stimulation with polyI:C is also associated with an increased reactive oxygen species production, as well as increased neutrophil and macrophage content. Using a specific fluorescent probe for RNA, we found that FeCl3 induces RNA release and thus increases the RNA content in the thrombus. We next investigated the effect of RNase on thrombus development. Intravenous injection of RNase decreased thrombus size, as well as reactive oxygen species production and neutrophil and macrophage content in the thrombus. In vitro incubation of endothelial cells with polyI:C induces production of pro-inflammatory cytokines GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-6, IL-8 and interferon-γ-induced protein 10 involved in the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that RNA release and TLR3 stimulation after endothelial cell injury participate in thrombus formation by inducing a pro-inflammatory response leading to the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".