Water for peace in the Middle East: the sacrifice of irrigated agriculture in Israel?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Although the “land for peace” issue is generally considered to be at the heart of any solution to the bitter disputes between Arabs and Israelis, other approaches might well act as catalysts. In this paper the transfer of water from Israel to its Arab neighbours is advocated as a means of promoting the peace process. The idea would be to reallocate water away from low-value irrigated agriculture in Israel and to sell this water to the West Bank and Jordan. (The use of the term “to sell” in the previous sentence does not suggest implicitly or explicitly that Israel is the rightful and legal owner of the water resources generated in Palestinian and Arab areas that were occupied in the June 1967 war and have been controlled by Israel since that time). Here it could be used to promote rapid economic development in an attempt to raise the GDP per capita of the Arab nations to a level closer to that of Israel. Rising economic standards would promote greater political stability and so improve the strategic situa...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".