Microstructure of Fiber Laser Deposited WC-Co Cemented Carbide and Carbon Steel
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Using a fiber laser welding head, crack-free WC-Co/Steel weld depositions are obtained with optimized welding parameters. The microstructure, composition, phase, structure, and bend strength are analyzed using optical metallography, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and bend test. The influence of the microstructure and WC/matrix interfaces in the vicinity of joint failure at the cemented carbide side is discussed. It is evident that the deposit consists of austenite dendrites and interdendritic eutectic carbides. The austenite further transforms to martensite on-cooling. The flexural bend strength and yield strength of the joints attained 970 MPa and 876 MPa, respectively. Bend fracture occurs at the HAZ in the cemented carbide side of the joint, characterized with cleavage fracture and quasi-cleavage fracture. TEM and HRTEM image of WC/Co interfaces verified the W2C and eta phase formation in the HAZ that contributed to the embrittlement.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".