Trajectories of Perinatal Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in a Community Cohort
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The evidence on trajectories of perinatal depression is mostly based on studies composed of women at high risk for poor mental health. Research on maternal anxiety trajectories is also scarce. Using a large community cohort, the All Our Babies study, in Alberta, Canada, we examined trajectories of perinatal depressive and anxiety symptoms and compared characteristics of women across trajectories. METHODS: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at the second and third trimesters and at 4 and 12 months postpartum among 1,445 women recruited between May 2008 and December 2010. The state subscale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was used to measure anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms were measured with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Semiparametric group-based mixed modeling was performed to identify the optimal trajectory shape, number of groups, and proportion of the sample belonging to each trajectory. Model fit was evaluated using the Bayesian information criterion. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to compare characteristics across the trajectories. RESULTS: Five distinct trajectory groups with constant and variable patterns were identified for both depressive and anxiety symptoms: minimal, mild, antepartum, postpartum, and chronic. Common risk factors of depression and anxiety across groups with elevated symptoms were history of mental health issues (odds ratios [ORs] varied from 1.83 to 7.64), history of abuse/neglect (ORs varied from 1.67 to 8.97), and low social support (ORs varied from 1.64 to 11.37). The magnitude of the influence of the psychosocial risk factors was greater in the chronic group compared to others, suggesting a dose-related relationship. CONCLUSIONS: Heterogeneity of anxiety and depressive symptoms highlights the importance of multiple mental health assessments during the perinatal period. The patterns and intensity of postpartum depression differed between community and high-risk samples, underlining the significance of defining suitable cutoffs. Research to examine the impact of these trajectories on child outcomes is needed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".