Verdir Montréal : cadre d'action, stratégies de réalisation et innovation des groupes communautaires
Bibliographic record
Abstract
En milieu urbain, la forte présence de matériau minéral absorbant les radiations solaires engendre des températures plus chaudes. Afin de lutter contre les îlots de chaleur urbains, plusieurs organismes communautaires travaillent à ramener des végétaux au coeur des espaces plus minéraux. Leurs pratiques sont orientées par des normes, notamment réglementaires et sociales, qui balisent et bloquent parfois les initiatives. À travers des entretiens réalisés avec 15 chargés de projet, cette étude dresse tout d’abord un portrait du cadre de contraintes qui régit les actions de verdissement à Montréal et des stratégies utilisées pour les surmonter. Cette compréhension du contexte et des actions permet ensuite de questionner la marge de manoeuvre qui existe pour innover par rapport au cadre d’action imposé. \nSix familles de contraintes ont ainsi été déterminées, dont quatre constituent un ensemble lié par la nécessité des organismes à travailler en partenariat : contraintes organisationnelles, financières, d’accès aux terrains et de mobilisation. Afin de conserver de bonnes relations de collaboration, les intervenants utilisent majoritairement des stratégies de contournement et d’adaptation de leurs projets. En adéquation avec la théorie de l’innovation ordinaire de Norbert Alter, le contournement constitue la principale source des innovations. Celles-ci résident au final dans de petites actions d’apparence banale, mais qui réussissent à permettre un changement au cadre de contraintes généralement rencontré. Des facteurs favorables, tels que l’implication de partenaires crédibles ou un échéancier de plus d’une année, contribuent aussi à créer un climat de travail favorable à l’apparition d’innovations. \nAu final, bien que le cadre d’action oriente les types et l’approfondissement des projets de même que le choix des partenaires, la majorité des intervenants réussissent à utiliser des approches ou des stratégies innovantes pour réintégrer la nature en ville. Bien que tous ne trouvent pas le moyen de dépasser leur contexte contraignant, cette recherche montre que les organismes communautaires disposent de la marge de manoeuvre nécessaire pour oser rêver la ville autrement et implanter des aménagements innovants de verdissement. <br /><br /> In urban areas, the strong presence of mineral material absorbing solar radiation generates hot temperatures. In order to fight against urban heat islands, several community organizations work to create new green spaces in cities. Their practices are oriented by norms and standards, including regulatory and social ones that mark out and sometimes impede projects. Through interviews with 15 project managers, this study explores the constraint framework within which greening actions in Montreal take place and the strategies used to overcome the constraints. Understanding the context and greening actions taken enables questioning whether and how innovation can take place within this context. \nSix constraint families have been defined and four of them are linked together by the necessity for organizations to work in partnerships, namely organizational, financial, access to private properties and mobilization constraints. In order to keep good collaborative relationships with their partners, project managers mainly use circumventing and adaptation strategies to face constraints. In line with Norbert Alter’s theory of ordinary innovation, circumventing strategies represent the main source of innovations. In the end, it appears that these strategies lie in commonplace actions that are able to change the constraint framework. Some favourable factors also help the development of innovations, such as the involvement of credible partners or a schedule that extends over more than a year. \nFinally, although the constraint framework guides project types and extent, and even the choice of project partners, the majority of project managers successfully use innovative strategies and approaches to bring back nature in the city. Even if some managers are not able to overcome the constraint framework, this research shows that community organizations have the flexibility to implement innovative ideas for the greening of urban areas.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.011 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.008 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".