Bibliographic record
Abstract
Outwash plains, sometimes known as sandar or valley trains, are broad, gently sloping, sheets of outwash sediment deposited by meltwater streams fed by glacier ablation (e.g. Church 1972; Church & Gilbert 1975; Benn & Evans 2010). They may be formed by coalescing outwash fans fed by streams emerging directly from a former ice margin or from proglacial braided rivers; such glacial meltwater streams usually have highly variable discharge and, especially when flow is high, transport large quantities of glacier-derived suspended sediment and bedload (Church & Gilbert 1975). An example of a drowned outwash plain exists off northern British Columbia in Hecate Strait (Fig. 1a), where rapid glacial retreat left an extensive plain that formerly stretched 150 km across the strait linking the British Columbia mainland to the islands of Haida Gwaii. Fig. 1. Multibeam bathymetry and cross-profile of an outwash plain that abruptly ends at a …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".