The Extent of Water Sheet Breakup on a Vertical Surface
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper presents an experimental investigation on the extent of water splash resulting from the collision of a flat water jet onto a vertical surface. The water sheet spread on the plate and its splash, as a result of water breakup, are the most significant phenomena that affect water delivery to marine and offshore structures. In an arctic environment, wave impact and splash can significantly affect ice accretion on a marine structure. To predict ice accretion, water sheet breakup behavior onto a surface needs to be studied closely. The motivation of this experimental study is to further examine water sheet splash. The tests performed in the lab scale setup comprise of high-speed image capture from a water jet-vertical surface collision at various attack angles, which cause mild to severe breakup situations. The results show that variation in jet velocity significantly affects the height, width and splash area of a water sheet. The results also show that attack angle is another significant factor for water trajectory and therefore water shedding beyond the vertical surface. The interdependence in between water trajectory and water shedding provides a new correlation of water transport after water sheet breakup.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".