Lap Splice in GFRP-RC Rectangular Columns Subjected to Cyclic-Reversed Loads
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents the experimental results of five full-scale glass fiber–reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforced concrete (RC) columns with lap splices under axial and cyclic-reversed loads. One additional reference column was reinforced with steel bars and stirrups for comparison purposes. The column specimens had a 350-mm square cross section with 1,650-mm shear span. Each specimen represented the lower segment of a first-story column between the footing and the point of contraflexure. The test parameters included type of reinforcement, lap splice length of longitudinal reinforcement and transverse reinforcement spacing. Test results indicated that a splice length of 60 times the diameter of the longitudinal column bar was adequate in transferring the full bond forces along the splice length. In addition, lap-spliced GFRP-RC columns with closely spaced transverse reinforcement showed stable hysteresis response and achieved high levels of deformability, which far exceeded the limitations of the North American building codes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".