Montreal’s multilingual migrants: Social identities and language attitudes after the proposition of the Quebec Charter of Values
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous research by the author showed that at the beginning of the 21st century, multilingual migrants in Quebec’s urban centre Montreal shared the same attitudinal trends as the city’s non-migrants – most likely as a result of their shared, civic identity. However, these findings originate from a time at which the provincial government was strongly propagating a civic (rather than an ethnic) national identity. Then, in 2013, the provincial government proposed the Quebec Charter of Values, a bill putting forward the prohibition of religious symbols in the public sector. The Charter caused much controversy and was seen by many migrants as an act of ethnocentrism. In this chapter, Ruth Kircher presents the findings of a new, questionnaire-based study that investigates whether the Charter has caused changes in first- and second-generation immigrants’ social identities and in their attitudes towards French, the province’s official language, compared to English, the primary language of the rest of Canada and North America at large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".