A Numerical Study of Interaction Between Ice Particles and Complex Ship Structures
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract This paper describes a numerical method of ship-ice interaction. Identifying an operational risk to an ice breaking vessel such as serious interference or sudden efficiency reduction by ice is necessary at early design stage. CFD-DEM coupled approach can be used for this prediction. Combining two numerical approaches, free floating ice particles can interact with the surrounding fluid as well as the rigid hull surface effectively. Ship-ice interaction becomes more complicated around the stern area considering the swirling flow of the propulsion device and the complex hull appendages. Using CFD-DEM method, simulation of ship-ice interaction during the astern operation was carried out. To evaluate the simulation performance, three example cases were conducted. The first and second case is the astern operation with/without the propeller action. For reducing the computational load, a virtual disc model for the propeller action is selected. Then, a simple sensitivity analysis on the ice friction coefficient was carried out to verify if the friction model is working appropriately. CFD-DEM simulation provides a promising result showing a similar ice jamming and pileup pattern with the physical model test. The suggested method can help to understand the ice movement effectively including the hydrodynamic force and the contact dynamics together.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it