On the Equivalent Mechanical Properties of Spiral Wound Gaskets
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spiral wound gaskets are generally used to seal bolted joints working under high pressure and high temperature. The mechanical properties of the sealing element composed of the filler and the windings play important roles in the sealing performance and buckling strength of these gaskets. The proper modeling of a bolted joint that uses a spiral wound gasket requires the knowledge of the mechanical properties of the sealing element. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio are often required in order to be used in any simplified analytical or numerical modelling of the gasket. A hybrid technique based on an analytical approach and experimental tests is developed to characterize the equivalent mechanical properties of spiral wound gaskets. In this paper, an analytical model supported with numerical Finite Element Method (FEM) based simulation and experimental investigation is presented to characterize the mechanical properties of spiral wound sealing element. The results of the analytical model that are based on the theory of Lamé and consideration on the compatibility conditions between components, has an acceptable agreement with numerical simulation and experimental investigations.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it