Speech steganalysis using evolutionary restricted Boltzmann machines
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new method to train Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBMs) using Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs), where RBMs are used in the first step of a steganalysis tool for speech/audio files. The following EAs have been tested: Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Artificial Bees Colony (ABC) and Cat Swarm Optimization (CSO). Our method has been tested with three steganographic techniques: StegHide, Hide4PGP, and FreqSteg. A fourth technique combining the three steganographic methods has also been tested. The results are compared to the conventional contrastive divergence learning algorithm. All EAs outperform the contrastive divergence algorithm.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it