The unmanned aerial vehicles in international trade and their regulation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: to review the current situation in production and distribution of unmanned aerial vehicles (further - UAVs) in developed countries, as well as the legal regulation issues.Methods: abstract-logic, summarizing and observation, comparative analysis.Results: The analysis of international trade in UAVs revealed the leading countries dominating the market: Israel, the USA and Canada. The leading importers are India, UK and France. China and Russian Federation are important producers but are just marginally involved in international trade, having rather protectionist trade policies. The characters of national regulatory frame- works vary significantly from country to country, while the Czech Republic belongs to the rather liberal group of EU members. Scientific novelty: So far, the journal publications in regard of UAVs have addressed uniquely technical issues and economic issues have been unattended. This paper clarifies the terminology mess, analyses trade policy issues, trade and production statistics and regulatory concerns linked to this steeply growing segment that is subject to double-use items regulations. Practical value: Given a lack of relevant publications focused on international trade in UAVs in particular, the paper provides a complex overview of current state of play in terms of this promising yet very controversial subject.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".