Characteristics of Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease without Dementia (P4.332)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate clinical characteristics and cognitive correlates of psychosis in non-demented Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Background: Psychosis affects between 50-75[percnt] of PD patients and is associated with worse axial symptoms, autonomic dysfunction, longer disease duration, and worse clinical outcomes. Many studies show a relationship between cognitive impairment and psychosis in PD, but less is known about the clinical characteristics of non-demented PD patients with psychotic symptoms. Methods: We recruited 83 PD subjects without dementia (Montreal Cognitive Assessment ≥21/30) into a prospective study to investigate risk factors for neuropsychiatric symptoms in PD. Psychotic symptoms were assessed with the Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms. Visual illusions and sense of presence were queried separately. Subjects completed a brief neuropsychological battery. Results: 26 (31[percnt]) subjects met diagnostic criteria for psychosis in PD: 18 (23[percnt]) had visual illusions, 15 (19[percnt]) had hallucinations, 5 (6[percnt]) had sense of presence, and 3 (4[percnt]) had delusions. Of those with hallucinations, 69[percnt] had visual hallucinations, 38[percnt] had auditory hallucinations, 19[percnt] had olfactory hallucinations, and 13[percnt] had somatic hallucinations. In bivariate comparisons, PD subjects with psychosis had longer mean duration of disease (7.8 years versus 5.8 years, p=0.02), greater mean daily levodopa equivalent dose (LED) (700 mg versus 450 mg, p=0.01), and higher mean MDS-UPDRS Part III score (30.6 versus 23.9, p=0.03) compared to PD subjects without psychosis. There were no significant differences between groups on neuropsychological testing scores. In a logistic regression model, adjusted for duration of disease and LED, only MDS-UPDRS Part III was a significant independent predictor of psychosis (p=0.05). Conclusions: In PD subjects without dementia, greater MDS-UPDRS Part III score was significantly associated with increased risk of psychosis. Further research is needed to understand the characteristics and natural history of psychosis in this group.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".