Effect of Different Agitation Techniques on the Penetration of Irrigant and Sealer into Dentinal Tubules
Bibliographic record
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of five intracanal agitation techniques on the penetration of irrigant and sealer into dentinal tubules. BACKGROUND DATA: Intracanal agitation techniques could promote chemomechanical debridement and the sealing of root canals during endodontic treatment. However, there is limited evidence for the agitation effect of Nd:YAP laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NiTi rotary files (Dentsply Maillefer) up to X4 (ISO 40 size). Rhodamine B-labeled sodium hypochlorite was used for final irrigation together with the conventional syringe (control), sonic, ultrasonic, Nd:YAP laser, or V-Clean™ endodontic agitation system. All canals were obturated with gutta-percha and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled AH Plus sealer. Transverse sections were obtained at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Maximum penetration depth and penetration percentage of both irrigant and sealer were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for multiple comparisons. The Spearman coefficient was calculated to confirm correlations between irrigant and sealer penetration. RESULTS: Laser agitation attained the most irrigant and sealer penetration depth and penetration percentage (p < 0.05). Sonic and ultrasonic agitation attained significantly more penetration percentage than the control group at 2 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). Patterns of irrigant and sealer penetration correlated significantly for all agitation techniques (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAP laser was superior to other agitation techniques in dentinal tubule penetration of irrigant and sealer at one or more sectioned levels from the apex.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".