Bibliographic record
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare, malignant, childhood tumor that is primarily initiated by the inactivation of both alleles of the retinoblastoma tumor susceptibility gene, RB1, in a developing human retinal cell. A rare subset of retinoblastoma is initiated by somatic amplification of the MYCN oncogene in a predisposing retinal cell. Surprisingly the retinoblastoma protein (pRB), encoded by RB1, is an important transcription factor. Cell-cycle control by pRB is mainly accomplished by transcriptional repression of the genes required for cell-cycle progression. Control of differentiation by pRB is achieved by the activation of transcription. Through extensive post-translational modifications and interactions with other proteins, pRB and family members also influence senescence, chromosomal stability, and apoptosis. Almost every type of tumor has disruption in the retinoblastoma pathway associated with tumor progression, but germline mutation of the RB1 gene predisposes children to a 95% specific risk of developing retinoblastoma and a significantly increased risk of second primary tumors, such as osteosarcoma and melanoma. However, retinoblastoma is also characterized by other genomic changes subsequent to RB1 mutation. Keywords: aneuploidy; apoptosis; chromosome instability (CIN); E2F ; LOH ; MYCN ; proband; RB1 ; retinoblast; retinoma; SV40 ; TAg ; tumor suppressor
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".